Sexta-feira, Julho 14, 2006

Você sabia?

Ao se visitar o Palácio de Versailles, em Paris, observa-se que o suntuoso palácio não tem banheiros.
Na Idade Média, não existiam escovas de dente, perfumes, desodorantes, muito menos papel higiênico. As excrescências humanas eram despejadas pelas janelas do palácio. Em dia de festa, a cozinha do palácio conseguia preparar banquete para 1.500 pessoas, sem a mínima higiene.
Vemos nos filmes de hoje as pessoas sendo abanadas. A explicação não está no calor, mas no mau cheiro que exalavam por debaixo das saias (que eram propositalmente feitas para conter o odor das partes íntimas, já que não havia higiene). Também não havia o costume de se tomar banho devido ao frioe à quase inexistência de água encanada. O mau cheiro era dissipado pelo abanador. Só os nobres tinham lacaios para abaná-los, para dissipar o mau cheiro que o corpo e boca exalavam, além de também espantar os insetos.
Quem já esteve em Versalies admirou muito os jardins enormes e belos que, na época, não eram só contemplados, mas "usados" como vaso sanitário nas famosas baladas promovidas pela monarquia, porque não existia banheiro.
Na Idade Média, a maioria dos casamentos ocorria no mês de junho (para eles,o início do verão). A razão é simples: o primeiro banho do ano era tomado em maio; assim, em junho, o cheiro das pessoas ainda era tolerável. Entretanto, como alguns odores já começavam a incomodar, as noivas carregavam buquês de flores, junto ao corpo, para disfarçar o mau cheiro. Daí termos "maio" como o "mês das noivas" e a explicação da origem do buquê de noiva.
Os banhos eram tomados numa única tina, enorme, cheia de água quente. O chefe da família tinha o privilégio do primeiro banho na água limpa. Depois,sem trocar a água, vinham os outros homens da casa, por ordem de idade, as
mulheres, também por idade e, por fim, as crianças. Os bebês eram os últimos a tomar banho. Quando chegava a vez deles, a água da tina já estava tão suja que era possível "perder" um bebê lá dentro. É por isso que existe a expressão em inglês "don't throw the baby out with the bath water", ou seja, literalmente "não jogue o bebê fora junto com a água do banho", que hoje usamos para os mais apressadinhos.
Os telhados das casas não tinham forro e as vigas de madeira que os sustentavam era o melhor lugar para os animais - cães, gatos, ratos e besouros se aquecerem. Quando chovia, as goteiras forçavam os animais a pularem para o chão. Assim, a nossa expressão "está chovendo canivete" tem o seu equivalente em inglês em it's raining cats and dogs (está chovendo gatos e cachorros).
Aqueles que tinham dinheiro possuíam pratos de estanho. Certos tipos de alimento oxidavam o material, fazendo com que muita gente morresse envenenada. Lembremo-nos de que os hábitos higiênicos, da época, eram péssimos. Os tomates, sendo ácidos, foram considerados, durante muito tempo, venenosos.
Os copos de estanho eram usados para beber cerveja ou uísque. Essa combinação, às vezes, deixava o indivíduo "no chão" (numa espécie de narcolepsia induzida pela mistura da bebida alcoólica com óxido de estanho). Alguém que passasse pela rua poderia pensar que ele estivesse morto, portanto recolhia o corpo e preparava o enterro. O corpo era então colocado sobre a mesa da cozinha por alguns dias e a família ficava em volta, em vigília, comendo, bebendo e esperando para ver se o morto acordava ou não. Daí surgiu o velório, que é a vigília junto ao caixão.
A Inglaterra é um país pequeno, onde nem sempre havia espaço para se enterrarem todos os mortos. Então os caixões eram abertos, os ossos retirados, postos em ossários, e o túmulo utilizado para outro cadáver. Às vezes, ao abrirem os caixões, percebia-se que havia arranhõs nas tampas, do lado de dentro, o que indicava que aquele morto, na verdade, tinha sido enterrado vivo. Assim, surgiu a idéia de, ao se fechar o caixão, amarrar uma tira no pulso do defunto, passá-la por um buraco feito no caixão e amarrá-la a um sino. Após o enterro, alguém ficava de plantão ao lado do túmulo, durante uns dias. Se o indivíduo acordasse, o movimento de seu braço faria sino tocar. E ele seria saved by the bell, ou "salvo pelo gongo", expressão usada por nós até os dias de hoje.

 
 

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